Bio-Logic Science Instruments — Authorized Distributor for Türkiye
From GITT/PITT protocols to high-precision coulometry, from internal resistance and dQ/dV analysis to reference-electrode cells and pack/stack measurements: applicable measurement recipes for battery cells, modules and materials.
Equilibrium potential-composition curve, phase domains and kinetics with galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT); parameters of the EC-Lab® GCPL technique and data processing.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Galvanostatic Cycling with Potential Limitation (GCPL)
Potentiostatic intermittent titration (PITT) and potentiodynamic cycling with galvanostatic acceleration (PCGA) protocols; comparison with GITT and EC-Lab® application.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Results
Low-Earth-orbit charge/discharge cycles with the GCPL-4 protocol, in which the total duration of each step is kept constant; timing differences versus GCPL and GCPL-3.
Sections of the note: Introduction · EXPERIMENTAL PART · RESULTS AND DISCUSSION · CONCLUSION
In a pack/stack of series-connected cells, the EIS of each element is measured simultaneously under load to identify faulty cells and the internal-resistance distribution; this measurement, made with the VMP3, is done today with the VMP-3e + SAM-50.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Technical Specificity of the Stack Applications · Materials and Connection · Software · Impedance Measurement of an Electrochemical Generator · Measurements on Four Batteries in Series
Axis definition with 24 mathematical functions, custom graph examples from RDE voltammetry to battery cycling; examples given with the BCS-800 apply to the BCS-900 and BT-Lab® Suite.
Sections of the note: Introduction · RDE Voltammetry Application · Battery Applications · EIS Applications · Conclusion
The RΔt determined by a current pulse is compared with the resistances read from EIS; which frequency the choice of Δt corresponds to and the consistency of the two methods are shown.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Experimental · Dynamic resistance determination · EIS measurement · DC/AC data comparison · One point comparison
dQ/dV curves from cycling data recorded with a constant dE parameter; diagnosis of Li-ion ageing mechanisms (LLI, LAM) from peak shifts and area changes; MPG-2 example.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Experiment · Results · Conclusion
The thickness change of a LiCoO2 electrode is recorded simultaneously with cycling using an electrochemical dilatometer; analogue-input synchronisation and data interpretation.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Set-up description · Measurements · Conclusion
Current accuracy, stability, temperature control and measurement-duration requirements for high-precision coulometry; ppm-level CE measurement with the BCS-915.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Precision and Accuracy in CE Measurements · CE Measurement · Experimental Conditions · Software Tools · Discussion
The DCS tool, the statistical counterpart of dQ/dV for data recorded at constant dt; calculation, noise reduction and battery performance comparison in EC-Lab®/BT-Lab®.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Experiment · Results · Conclusion
Simultaneous monitoring of positive and negative electrode potentials with the lithium-metal-referenced PAT-Cell test cell; instrument connection options and EC-Lab® settings.
Sections of the note: Introduction · EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP · CYCLING DISCUSSION · FIRST CYCLE (BETWEEN 2.5 AND 4.2 V) · SECOND CYCLE (BETWEEN 2.5 AND 4.5 V) · THIRD AND FOURTH CYCLE (BETWEEN 0.0 AND 4.5 V)
A VMP-3e, SAM-50 and FlexP combination for pack cycling and individual voltage/EIS tracking of the elements; wiring diagram, safety limits and software settings.
Sections of the note: Introduction · EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP · MEASURING HARDWARE · EC-Lab® settings · The battery pack · The connection to the battery pack
Modelling of the low-frequency region with Warburg and bounded-diffusion elements; relating diagrams obtained in native EIS with the BCS-915 to solid-state diffusion.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Impedance Results · How To Fit Data At Low Frequencies · The Issue · Q · W
The real-axis intercept at high frequency gives the ohmic resistance; inductive effects, cable and connection effects and practical rules for a correct reading; comparison with DCIR.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Many Ways to Measure RΩ · Current Interrupt · EIS · High Frequencies (HF) Behaviour of The Impedance of a Battery · Single Point Determination
Mass change accompanying Li insertion/extraction in an LFP electrode with a quartz crystal microbalance; simultaneous CV and mass measurement with the SP-200.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Electrode fabrication · Characterization of the clean and coated sensors in air · Theory · Results · QCM Characterization of the coated sensor in 1 M Li2SO4
Theoretical basis of the three methods and their comparative application on the same LFP electrode; measurement with the BCS-805/810/815 (today BCS-900 series) and SP-300.
Sections of the note: Introduction · Measurement methods · EIS · PITT · GITT · Experimental results
Contact our technical team for the suitable instrument, cell and software configuration.